CVLT performance by patients with focal frontal lesions

Alexander MP et al., Brain 2003.

CVLT has many measures. 
Immediate free recall-- posterior LDF (dorsolateral frontal) performed worse, than other frontal areas
List A first trial-- posterior LDF and PMF (posterior medial frontal) were most impaired
Trial by groups-- left LDF had flattest learning curve. 
Primacy/recency and serial position had no effects by group.
List B-- proactive interference was not present in any group
Recognition memory-- posterior LDF group and posterior RDF group performed worst. Recognition hits were not different, difference was due to more false alarms.
Discriminibility and response bias-- the post LDF performed worse than all except post RDF.
Short delayed free recall-- post LDF was worse than controls.  Ant RDF & PMF were different than controls. 
Long delay free recall-- post LDF worse than all groups except ant LDF & PMF.
Long delay cued recall similar to above.
Intrusions and double recalls-- no significant differences.
Inconsistency score-- post LDF was worse than all except post RDF
Subjective semantic organization-- RDF post worse.

Summary-- Immediate free recall was worse post LDF> PMF (esp bilateral involving septal area)> post RDF.  This was also true for delayed free recall short and long, and for learning curve for trial 1-5.  For recognition only LDF was impaired due to more false alarms. 

In a prior study, Stuss et al. found more double recalls in post. RDF group, not seen in this study although p=0.11.  Abnormalities cannot be attributed to PI, to serial position effect, or defective primary memory.